The Arabization Battle in Algeria | مجلة قضايا لغوية | Linguistic Issues Journal

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YOUCEF AMOR
Arabization in Algeria is a civilizational battle with multiple dimensions: linguistic, cultural, social, tossed by ideological and political currents, against the background of the heavy legacy left by the French colonialism in Algeria in all fields, especially in the field of education, which made it floundering in countless identity problems, on top of which comes the problem of the Arabic language, which has been plagued by change and change, and has been troubled in its board and relations, due to the French language - the harm - that was imposed on it and still is, so it became like a land in the destruction of its fabric by settling it in various Areas of life.
It was necessary for the guardianship and the centers of decision and influence in Algeria to intervene in order to solve the problems, despite their difficulty, through a long march since independence until today, and for this comes this intervention, in which I will address the nature of Arabization, its importance, purposes and march after independence, relying on the processes of description and analysis, with the aim of interrogating the biography of Arabization and its stations in Algeria.
Keywords: Arabization; Arabic Language; education; Algeria; Language planning.
7.1. Books
1. Al-Ibrahimi Ahmed Taleb: Memoirs of an Algerian. Vol. 2. 2nd ed. Dar Al-Gharb Al-Islami. Tunisia. (Written in Arabic)
2. Ibn Manzur Jamal Al-Din. (n.d.) Lisan Al-Arab Vol. 1. (n.d.) Dar Sadir. Beirut. (Written in Arabic)
3. Ahmed Omar Mukhtar. 2008. Dictionary of Contemporary Arabic. Vol. 1. 1st ed. Alam Al-Kutub, Cairo. (Written in Arabic)
4. Turki Rabeh. 1990. Principles of Education and Teaching. 2nd ed. Office of University Publications. Algeria. (Written in Arabic)
5. Tamam Hassan. 2000. Principles: An Epistemological Study of Linguistic Thought among Arabs. 1st ed. Alam Al-Kutub. Egypt. (Written in Arabic)
6. Jabour Abdel Nour. 1979. Literary Dictionary. 1st ed. Dar Al-Ilm Lil-Malayin. Beirut. (Written in Arabic)
7. Deqoul. 1971. Memoirs of Hope. Renewal 1958-1962. 1st ed. Awidat Publications. Beirut. (Written in Arabic)
8. The Religion of the Arab. 2017. Planning language policy in the Arab world, the book Language policy in the Arab world visions and alternatives, Values and society laboratory, Rabat Net printing presses. Riyadh. (Written in Arabic)
9. Rabah Lounici. 2009. Presidents of Algeria in the balance. 1st ed. Dar Al-Ma'rifah, Algeria. (Written in Arabic)
10. Saad bin Hani Al-Qahtani. 2002. Arabization and the theory of language planning. 1st ed. Center for Arab Unity Studies. Beirut. (Written in Arabic)
11. Al-Suyuti Abdul Rahman. 1998. Al-Zahr in the sciences of language and its types. Vol. 1. 1st ed. Dar Al-Kotob Al-Ilmiyyah, Beirut. (Written in Arabic)
12. Shihab Al-Din Ahmed Al-Khafaji. 1952. Healing the thirst for what is foreign in the speech of the Arabs. 1st ed. Library of the Holy Mosque. Egypt. (Written in Arabic)
13. Taher bin Al-Allama Saleh Al-Jazaery. (n.d.) Approximation of the origins of Arabization. (n.d., print) Al-Salafiya Press. Egypt. (Written in Arabic)
14. Othman Saadi. 1993. Arabization in Algeria, a people's struggle against Francophone hegemony. 1st ed. Dar Al-Ummah Company. Algeria. (Written in Arabic)
15. Louis Jean Calvet. 2008. The war of languages and language policy. 1st ed., translated by Hassan Hamza. The Arab Organization for Translation, Beirut. (Written in Arabic)
16. Louis Maalouf, et al. 2008. Al-Munjid in language and notables. 42nd ed. Dar Al-Mashreq. Beirut. (Written in Arabic)
17. Muhammad Hussein Abdul Aziz. 1995. Measurement in the Arabic language. 1st ed. Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi. Cairo. (Written in Arabic)
18. Muhammad Amara. 1988. Revolutionary Muslims. 3rd ed. Dar Al-Shorouk. Cairo. (Written in Arabic)
19. Al-Masdi Abdul Salam. 2014. Arab identity and linguistic security - study and documentation - 1st ed. Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, Beirut. (Written in Arabic)
7.2. Articles:
20. Turki Rabeh 1983. Lights on the policy of Arabization, education, administration and the social environment in Algeria. Al-Mustaqbal Al-Arabi Magazine. Issue 11. Center for the Study of Arab Unity. P. 277. (Written in Arabic)
21. Hafsia Jradi. 2017. A vision for the Arabization policy in Algeria. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, Issue 28, University of Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla. P. 10. (Written in Arabic)
22. Khaled Al-Yaboudi. 2010. Linguistic borrowing and Arabization in Arabic. Juzur Magazine. Vol. 12. Vol. 30. P. 188. (Written in Arabic)
23. Khadija Halat. 2018. Arabization of schools in Algeria after independence (1962-2008) Al-Hiwar Al-Fikri Magazine. Vol. 13. No. 16. University of Adrar. P. 322. (Written in Arabic)
24. Abdel Hamid Ait Al-Aashir. 2014. The classical Arabic language - views on the laws of its development and the deterioration of its abandoned words - Islamic Awareness Magazine, Issue 44. P. 12. (Written in Arabic)
25. Abdel Rahman Al-Hajj Saleh. 2010. Arabization issues in the countries of the Maghreb - Algeria as a model - Al-Lisan Al-Arabi Magazine. Issue 66. Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization. Rabat. P: 275. (Written in Arabic)
26. Allal Al-Fassi. 1971. The Arab Face of Algeria, Al-Asalah Magazine, Issue 05, Ministry of Original Education and Religious Affairs. P: 44. (Written in Arabic)
27. Hind Bouchlaghem. 2021. The Problem of Establishing the Educational Project and Reforming the Educational System in Algeria, Intellectual Distinction Journal for Social and Human Sciences. Issue 05. University of El Tarf. P: 9. (Written in Arabic)
7.3. Theses
28. Masoud Khilaf. 2011. Education and the Problem of Arabization in Algeria, Manuscript PhD Thesis, University of Mentouri, Constantine. P: 223. (Written in Arabic)
29. Walid Bilal. 2016/2017. Arabization in Algeria through Official Documents (1962-1988) An Analytical Critical Study, (Manuscript PhD Thesis) University of Algiers 02. P: 05. (Written in Arabic)
7.4. Legal texts and websites
30. Othman Saadi: A Francophone lobby behind the freezing of the law on the use of Arabic in Algeria, Arabic Language Newspaper, International Council for the Arabic Language, available at: https://www.arabiclanguageic.org/view_page.php?id=1291 Date of access: 07/08/2023. (Written in Arabic)
31. National Council of the Algerian Revolution: Basic texts of the November Revolution 54 (November 1st Appeal, Soummam Conference, Tripoli Conference 1962) ANEP Publications, Algeria, p. 80. (Written in Arabic)
32. Presidency of the Republic: Official Gazette, Issue 34, Law No. 86-10 dated 13 Dhu al-Hijjah 1406 AH corresponding to 19 August 1986, including the establishment of the Algerian Academy of the Arabic Language, p. 1420. (Written in Arabic)
33. Presidency of the Republic: Official Gazette, Issue 03, Law No. 91-05 dated 30 Jumada al-Thani 1986 1411 AH corresponding to January 16, 1991, includes a generalization of the use of the Arabic language, pp. 44-45-46-47. (Written in Arabic)



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